H. Ahmad, I.A. Zuzamri, M.A.M. Lutfi, M.K.A. Zaini, N.A.M. Rusni, J.M. Yassin, Manuel Sánchez-Sánchez, Z. Mahmoodin, K. Thambiratnam, S. Sun
We demonstrate a highly stable, hybrid mode-locked ytterbium-doped fibre laser (YDFL) at 1 µm utilizing nonlinear polarisation rotation (NPR) enhanced with a cerium trimesate (Ce-MOF-808) saturable absorber (SA) in an all-normal dispersion (ANDi) cavity. While NPR ensures precise ultrafast pulse shaping, the Ce-MOF-808 SA provides reliable self-starting and exceptional stability. Crucially, the hybrid NPR/ Ce-MOF-808 SA configuration vastly outperforms NPR-only operation. The hybrid system delivers an increase in peak power, from 24.24 W to 42.58 W, and a vastly improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from 39.66 dB to 49.21 dB. The hybrid laser also yields higher pulse energy of 0.68 nJ and a shorter pulse duration of 15.97 ps, as compared to 0.39 nJ and 16.34 ps, respectively, for the NPR-only system. The NPR/SA system's repetition rate is also improved to 2.06 MHz, compared with 2.07 MHz for the NPR-only system. Furthermore, the system maintains excellent long-term stability, with centre wavelength and output power fluctuations limited to ±0.77 nm and ±0.32 dB over 2 h when using the hybrid NPR/SA configuration, demonstrating that the hybrid NPR/SA approach is a robust, cost-effective, and superior platform for next-generation ultrafast fibre lasers. © 2026 Elsevier Inc.
Photonics Research Centre, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jalan Semarang 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Universiti Kuala Lumpur British Malaysian Institute (UniKL BMI), Batu 8, Jalan Sungai Pusu, Selangor, 53100, Malaysia; Institute for Advanced Studies, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia; Department of Chemistry, Debre Berhan University, PO Box 445, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Institute of Catalysis and Petroleum Chemistry (ICP), CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain; International Islamic University of Malaysia, Physics Department, Kulliyyah of Science, Kuantan, Malaysia; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of High-end Laser Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, 266520, China
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