Nandyan Ayu Nooryastuti, Yazid Basthomi, Siti Muniroh, Niamika El Khoiri
This study investigates the integration of 21st-century skills and CEFR alignment in a pre-intermediate non-formal English course. Using classroom observations across 34 meetings, the research examined pedagogical alignment with CEFR standards, integration of six key skills (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, creativity, citizenship, and character education), and instructional challenges. Findings reveal incomplete CEFR alignment: while learning objectives were explicitly stated (100%), they lacked measurable rubrics, and assessment practices showed critical gaps, particularly in evaluating listening and speaking skills. Technology remained underutilized despite available infrastructure. Regarding 21st-century skills, communication and character education were perfectly implemented (100%), but collaborationwww.earticle.net (41.5%), critical thinking (26.7%), creativity (12.8%), and citizenship (10.9%) required urgent attention. Additional challenges included abrupt instructor swaps, fluctuating attendance, and summative assessments that excluded oral skills. The study underscores the need for SMART learning objectives, comprehensive assessment frameworks including listening and speaking, enhanced technology integration, and systematic embedding of higher-order skills. These findings highlight the critical role of non-formal education in complementing formal systems while revealing significant gaps requiring targeted intervention to better prepare Indonesian learners for global workforce demands. © 2026 AsiaTEFL All rights reserved.
Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl Semarang 5, East Java, Yogyakarta, Malang, 65145, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl Semarang 5, East Java, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
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