Adip Wahyudi, Ifan Deffinika, I Komang Astina, Feri Fahrian Maulana, Dynda Prista, Moch. Dimas Galuh Mahardika, Muhammad Asyrofi Al Kindy
There are notable differences in poverty between the lowland and highland agroecological zones in East Javan agricultural households. Geographic isolation, land fragmentation, and unequal access to infrastructure and technology all play a role in worsening poverty. This study uses raw data from the 2023 Agricultural Census and applies binary logistic regression to explore what factors contribute to poverty among farming households. The results show that poverty is more likely to occur in households led by someone under 40 years old (OR: 1.822), with low levels of education (OR: 1.378), with five or more family members (OR: 5.378), those working in informal jobs, owning little or no land, and not using modern technology. The impact is especially strong in certain areas: in the highland regions of Batu, Malang, Magetan, Bondowoso, and Lumajang, poverty risk is over seven times higher (OR: 7.052) due to a combination of these challenges and population pressure. On the other hand, technology adoption lowers poverty by 78 % (OR: 0.221) in the lowland regions of Lamongan, Bojonegoro, Sidoarjo, Probolinggo, and Pasuruan. Interestingly, while extended working hours significantly reduce poverty in lowland areas supported by better infrastructure, they fail to mitigate poverty in mountainous regions due to land degradation. Targeted interventions, highland infrastructure rehabilitation, and lowland areas' accelerated agricultural digitalization are the main policy implications. © 2025 The Authors.
Departement of Geography, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; Environmental Resource Management and Development, Graduate School, Universitas Brawijaya, Indonesia; Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Businesss, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia; Department of History Education, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia; School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, India
