Aman Santoso, Sumari Sumari, Evilia Wahyuning Nur A’issyah, Muhammad Nabhan Kholish, Ahmat Fanani Hidayatullah
Biofuel can be produced by catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil. In this study, the cracking process is catalysed by Zn metal impregnated in the active natural zeolite (ANZ) which can increase catalytic cracking activity. Catalytic cracking of waste cooking oil using 1% Zn/ANZ catalyst yielded 54.63% using sustainable double mantle batch reactor. The product has physio-chemical properties, i.e: density (0.806 g/mL), refractive index (1.436), viscosity (1.282 cSt), acid value (28.685 mg KOH/g), and iodine value (87.51 mg I2/100 g). The compounds of the catalytic cracking products contain carbonyl groups (CO), esters (C–O), alkene groups (CCH), and saturated aliphatic chains. The products are biogasoline (C5 – C11), biokerosene (C12 – C15), and green diesel (C16 – C20). The composition fractions are biogasoline (25.71%), biokerosene (19.00%), and green diesel (55.28%). The products have high selectivity in pentadecane (C15H32). The product selectivity using this reactor is alkane and alkene compounds. © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Department of Chemistry, Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Malang, Jl. Semarang No. 5, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
