A.N. Afandi, Yunis Sulistyorini, M. EL-Shimy, X.Z. Gao, Goro Fujita, Hajime Miyauchi
At Present, the environmental protection penetrates public awareness to decrease atmospheric emissions as important efforts for increasing living quality in air from various gaseous effects. Technically, it has forced industrial sectors to control pollutant productions while operating machineries of engineering processes to keep all contaminant materials. This condition has also forced the power system operation to modify operational strategies of thermal power plants considered pollutant productions from combustions of fossil fuels for reducing emissions. This paper demonstrates new approaches for measuring pollutant penetrations embedded in the single priority function considered an emission standard, a dynamic penalty factor, and Thunderstorm Algorithm (TA). By considering the IEEE 62-bus system model, results obtained show that the hourly computation has different performances for the 24 hours operation. It also indicates that pollutant discharges are dominated gradually by higher contributors associated with scheduled power plants. The convergence speed of TA is smooth and fast for determining the optimal solution, which are ranged in 6-20 for the cycle and 1.8-3.8 s for the time consumption. Moreover, the 24 hours operation is powered totally in 60,826.10 MW for feeding the total load of 56,820.50 MW. This operation also spends in 291,870.60 $ for the fuel procurement and 83,233.70 $ for the compensation of the pollutant production during existing 19 generating units. In total, the accumulation of pollutant discharges from 19 power plants is 68,012.20 kg.
Electrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri, Malang, Indonesia; Department of Math, IKIP Budi Utomo, Indonesia; Electric Power and Machines Department, Ain Shams University, Egypt; School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Finland; Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan; Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Kumamoto University, Japan
